Mostra-me frases de exemplo com weekends .Diz-me o máximo de expressões diárias possíveis.

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@CityWok

Sosoglamed's explanation pretty much explains it, so there's no need for me to answer it now, but I figured I'd answer it anyway.

My answer may be too long & confusing. If it is, just ignore it.

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WEEK

On the calendar, one week looks like this:
SUNDAY, Mon., Tues., Wed., Thurs., Fri., SATURDAY.

In most people's minds though, one week looks like this:
Mon., Tues., Wed., Thurs., Fri., SATURDAY, SUNDAY.

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WORK WEEK

A "work week" is Monday - Friday. 5 days.

Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday

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WEEKEND

We think of Monday as being the start of the week and Sunday as being the end.

That's why the word is "weekend". Week.......end. And that's why Sunday is part of the weekend, even though it's at the beginning when it's on the calender.

The weekend is really only two days, Saturday and Sunday. But everybody gets really excited on Friday 'cause work is over, so we start celebrating and include that day too. It's sort of like a friend of your family that you call your aunt and uncle because you are really close to them, but they're not really your aunt or uncle by blood. So the real weekend is still only Saturday and Sunday.

Weekend is singular.
(Saturday/Sunday) = weekend

I think the original sentence correction that made you wonder about the word "weekends" was this sentence:

Yours:
oh yes. I bought an electric piano a few months ago and tried to climb a new mountain every weekends.

Correction:
oh yes. I bought an electric piano a few months ago and tried to climb a new mountain every weekend(DELETE "s").

To help you understand why I wrote (DELETE "s") I will write the complete sentence. There is an implied word in it.

"I bought an electric piano a few months ago and tried to climb a new mountain every SINGLE weekend."

Do you see why it is "weekend" instead of "weekends" now?

Btw, the word "every" always comes before a singular noun.
https://bit.ly/2LgLErZ

A synonym for "every" is "each".

"I tried to climb a new mountain each weekend."

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WEEKENDS

Weekends is plural.
(Saturday/Sunday) + (Saturday/Sunday) = weekends
52 weeks in a year = 52 weekends

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LONG WEEKEND

You can also have a "long weekend".
A "long weekend" only happens sometimes.

A "long weekend" happens when a holiday falls on a day during the work week(Monday-Friday). And also if you just decide to take vacation days.

A "long weekend" is (Saturday/Sunday) + any days of the work week that you don't have to go to work/school.

For example:
Fri. + (Saturday/Sunday) = a 3 day weekend
Thurs. + Fri. + (Saturday/Sunday) = a 4 day weekend
Wed. + Thurs. + Fri. + (Saturday/Sunday) = a 5 day weekend

5 day weekends are like unicorns. They are very rare and you will probably not see many of them in your lifetime.

You can't have a long weekend if there is a space between the holiday and the weekend.
You can't have: Wed. + (Sat/Sun)
The days have to be connected like this:
Wed, Thurs, Fri + (Sat/Sun).

Example sentences with "long weekend":
"Oh boy! We have a long weekend coming up!"
"Did you enjoy your long weekend?"

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THIS WEEKEND

You asked this question on Saturday. I am answering your question on Sunday. So, you asked your question this weekend and I am answering your question this weekend. It is the weekend that I am living in right now. It is my present. Since you live in South Korea, the time difference makes it Monday for you now, so you can't say that you are in the same "this weekend" as me anymore. Only I can. *neener neener* :P You are living in my "next week".

For you, since it is Monday, "this weekend" means the closest future Saturday/Sunday that is coming up. For instance, if you say "I'm going to a concert this weekend". That means that you will go to the concert in 6 or 7 days.
(1Mon, 2Tue, 3Wed, 4Thurs, 5Fri, 6SATURDAY, or 7SUNDAY)

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NEXT WEEKEND

"Next weekend" is the weekend that comes after this weekend.

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THE WEEKEND

"the weekend" is one weekend.
"the weekend" can mean any specific weekend; in the past, present or future.

Examples:
1) (PAST): "I spent the weekend at his house 4 months ago."
2) (PRESENT): "I'm spending the weekend at his house."
3) (FUTURE): "I'm spending the weekend at his house."
"I'm going to spend the weekend at his house."
4) FUTURE): "I'm going to spend the weekend at his house next month."

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THE WEEKEND & THIS WEEKEND

"the weekend" and "this weekend" only have the same meaning sometimes.

For instance, "THE weekend" and "THIS weekend" are only interchangeable with numbers 2 and 3.

2) (PRESENT): "I'm spending THIS weekend at his house."
3) (FUTURE): "I'm spending THIS weekend at his house."
"I'm going to spend THIS weekend at his house."

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THE WEEKEND & NEXT WEEKEND

"the weekend" and "next weekend" only have the same meaning sometimes.

For instance, "THE weekend" and "NEXT weekend" are only interchangeable with number 3.

3) (FUTURE): "I'm spending NEXT weekend at his house."
"I'm going to spend NEXT weekend at his house."