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Atualizado em 11 out 2020

6 out 2020

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What is the difference between these 2 sentences in this context?

"Hey, I'm kinda thirsty..."

何か、飲み物は残っていますか。

何か、飲み物が残っていますか。

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nishishoro

10 out 2020

Featured answer

Japonês

>>> I think that the context, and the situation are way more important than "Ah, I'll use this because I always see this being used in this kind of sentence"
⇒You are quite right.

>>> the questioner knew that there would be some 飲み物
⇒Yes, I agree with you about why he used 残っている.
His expression shows expectation to some 飲み物 still existing.　

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nishishoro

6 out 2020

Japonês

何か、飲み物は残っていますか。
Because は is topic marker, は sentence is eplanatory sentence.
飲み物 is theme and 残っていますか is info/explanation for theme.
This question is asking about 飲み物 and expecting answer whether 残っている or 残っていない.
When speaker opened this speech, his focus was put on 飲み物 therefore every part in は sentence gives info about 飲み物.

何か、飲み物が残っていますか。
Because が is subject marker, が sentence will become descriptive sentence.
飲み物 is subject for predicate 残っていますか, therefore speaker is asking about 飲み物 whether it is the thing which is 残っていますか.
Answer for this question will become 飲み物、食べ物、デザート、おやつ、or whatever which is 残っています.

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yuukishida

6 out 2020

Português (Brasil)

@nishishoro Hm...I loved ur answer, helped a lot, ありがとう

yuukishida

6 out 2020

Português (Brasil)

@nishishoro By the way, If iI used the constractive は, how the meaning would be changed?

nishishoro

7 out 2020

Japonês

I firmly agree with the viewpoint shown user4092 in below page.
https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/46...

Contrastive は is only contrasting two concepts which were made in combination and は itself still shows the subject as topic.

食べ物は残っていますが、飲み物は残っていません。
In this sentence, 食べ物 and 飲み物 are still topic in each clause and they play a role of contrasting.
Sometimes, latter clause becomes unspoken.
何か飲み物は残っていますか？
食べ物は残っていますよ。
食べ物は is used in contrastive way but topic is still topic.

Therefore, frankly speaking, I don't agree to make such concept as if it stands as different function, or let's say contrastive function at all from basic one.

If speaker wants to put contrastive sense, the sentence will make listener feel that sense, and if not, listener will not feel it in most of cases.
Japanese language is something different from English which is quite logically constructed.　

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yuukishida

7 out 2020

Português (Brasil)

@nishishoro So, I can't use the constractive は in a question?

nishishoro

7 out 2020

Japonês

No, I'm not saying like that.

I mentioned that は is topic marker and it can be used to show contrastive sense in every kind of sentence. My point was that contrastive は is one of phases belong to nature of は itself and treating contrastive は as independent function is felt less reasonable.

You can use contrastive は according to your sense. It will never change meaning of sentence. It only adds contrastive connotation.

Did you intend to give contrastive sense into 何か、飲み物は残っていますか ?
What was the object you intended to be in contrast with 飲み物 ?

Probably I can give you comment about it. If you please ...

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yuukishida

7 out 2020

Português (Brasil)

@nishishoro どうぞ c:

nishishoro

8 out 2020

Japonês

たとえばこんな例です。

医者が薬を三種類処方箋に書いて、患者に渡しました。
医者「そのＡとＢの薬は必ず食後に飲んでください。」
患者「Ｃの薬はいつ飲めばいいんですか？」

患者の「Ｃの薬は」が「contrastive は」の用法です。
患者はＣをＡとＢに対照させて述べているからです。

しかし「Ｃの薬」はこの文のtopicであり、「は」は依然としてtopic markerとして使われています。「contrastive は」の効果は単にadded connotationでしかありません。私はこのことを最初から言っています。

また、患者がＣをＡとＢに対照させて述べたから「contrastive は」の効果が出現したのです。患者がその意図を持たなければ、「contrastive は」はこの会話に出現しません。

あるいは医者の説明がまだなされないうちに患者が同じ言葉で質問を出せば、「contrastive は」が出現するかどうかも保証されません。
医者がＡとＢとＣの薬を処方箋に書いて、患者に渡しました。
患者「Ｃの薬はいつ飲めばいいんですか？」

患者がＡとＢを意識した上で質問を出していれば、それは「contrastive は」と理解することができますが、もしも患者はＡとＢに何の意識も置かず、ただ初めて見たＣの名前だけに集中してその質問をしていれば、contrastのconnotationはどこにも出現しないのです。

この例で私の説明を理解していただけますでしょうか？

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yuukishida

8 out 2020

Português (Brasil)

@nishishoro

Oh, I see, so, the fact that I'm "using" the contrastive は, doesn't mean that it's not the topic, because it's just a connotation from the particle...

Therefore, in my exemple, there is no way to have a contrastive connotation は with a question because there isn't enough context or something else to be contrasted with in the first place

Thank you so much for explaining that to me

Ah, another questions for u my new friend:

1・

ーバナナが好き。

ーリンゴは?

ーリンゴは好きじゃない。

I'm using a contrastive connotation here right (on the first は)?

・2

ーお金が欲しい。。。

ーお金はあるよ。

Is it right to use は (Topic) here? or should I use が (Neutral)?

おねがいします ( ˙ᵕ˙ 🙏🏼)

nishishoro

8 out 2020

Japonês

1. You are quite correct.

2. が shouldn't be used. Using は is good.

When A said お金が欲しい.
Then B replied. If money was your concern, I have some.　お金はあるよ。
お金 is clearly as topic here. This conversation is corresponding.

お金がある is descriptive expression about money exists here or there.
So, in a scene like this, お金がある will match to A's speech.

When A said お金が欲しい.
Then B found a bundle of money on the street and said:
Hey, look. There is some money. お金があるよ.

But actually, it is not a reply to A's speech.
B said what he has seen apart from A's thought.
This is not a corresponding conversation.　

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yuukishida

8 out 2020

Português (Brasil)

@nishishoro

Something that I don't know well is how to start a conversation, because I don't know if it's right to use は without an "old information" topic, like in my previous example.

・飲み物は残っていますか。

Here, no one mentioned ou talked about 飲み物 or something else to be contrasted with, but still, it was used in this video instead of が.

Maybe the は is regarding the fact that He is having a metting with Michael?

https://youtu.be/bCTurn_ut68
21:13

nishishoro

9 out 2020

Japonês

You can start conversation with whichever you want to show your intention.

This person used は because he wanted to ask about 飲み物 as topic.It is pure topic and having nothing to do with contrastiveness.
In some cases, contrastive connotation can be filled according to situation/context but not always so.
Also, since 飲み物 has been chosen as topic, his concern is focused on 飲み物. While 食べ物 or デザート or anything else are out of his mind at all.

Then answerer said コーヒーがあります. She described situation by using が.

Actually, it is not a straight answer to the question. For example:
はい、飲み物はいくつかあります。
はい、飲み物はＡ，Ｂ，Ｃがあります。
In such cases, は shows 飲み物 as topic to match the questoner's intention. But those people are not primary school pupils.

コーヒーがあります is telling the situation about coffee which is existing. She has chosen coffee as candidate for the question and added description about how it is now.

If she said コーヒーはあります, coffee becomes her topic (out of questioner's intention) and probably we can assume that contrastive connotation is filled there. She is contrasting コーヒー against 何か.
But another opinion may be different. She has just particularized コーヒー as candidate.

If questioner used が, he wants to ask about state/condition/situation of 飲み物. 飲み物 is subject for state of あります.

In this case, answer of コーヒーがあります matches 100 percent in format as well as in meaning. But this expression can still be acceptable to は-sentence as I analyzed above. It will not ruin flow of conversation.

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yuukishida

9 out 2020

Português (Brasil)

@nishishoro

Ok, before I close this question, I'll write down what I understand and If I have more question about it I'll ask u right c:

yuukishida

9 out 2020

Português (Brasil)

@nishishoro

Can you tell me more about your previous asnwser when u said:

1・You are quite correct

and, If I wanna ask for money for exemple, which one should I use?:

お金があるの？
お金はあるの？

nishishoro

9 out 2020

Japonês

I hope this viewpoint will assist you for easier understanding.

は-sentence is apt to be divided by は.
「お金」は「あるの」？

Topic marker brings subject to position of topic and description after は is information/explanation for topic.

が-sentence is different. Because が shows subject as subject for predicate, they cannot be divided like は-sentence.
「お金がある」 as subject-predicate structure must be kept as one unit of concept.

You can use whichever you like according to your intention of placing お金 as topic to collect information for it by お金は, or お金がある as one unit of concept and to expect answer for that concept.

Basically, Japanese language is situation depending language and natives choose most suitable expression for situation. That's why は and が contains vast range of connotation.

So, when this speech is opening for conversation, お金があるの？ seems to sound more natural than お金はあるの？ because speaker ought to ask about お金がある instead of situation/condition of お金は？.

Please don't take this as principle that が should be used for opening speech. It may vary according to contents.　

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yuukishida

9 out 2020

Português (Brasil)

@nishishoro

It's okay, I don't think that が should always open speech because of my previous question:

・飲み物は残っていますか。

So, It's kinda difficult to know how to start them, and I kind of always see が being used in this kind of sentence like "お金がある", that's why I asked to make sure. But after what u said, I think that the context, and the situation are way more important than "Ah, I'll use this because I always see this being used in this kind of sentence"

yuukishida

9 out 2020

Português (Brasil)

@nishishoro

Can I assume that in:

・飲み物は残っていますか。"

the questioner knew that there would be some 飲み物 right? that's why he used 残っていますか instead of ある, because if I think this way, makes more sense, since he knew about the existence of 飲み物